create_variation_model — Create a variation model for image comparison.
create_variation_model creates a variation model that can be
used for image comparison. The handle for the variation model is
returned in ModelID.
Typically, the variation model is used to discriminate correctly manufactured objects (“good objects”) from incorrectly manufactured objects (“bad objects”). It is assumed that the discrimination can be done solely based on the gray values of the object.
The variation model consists of an ideal image of the object to
which the images of the objects to be tested are compared later on
with compare_variation_model or
compare_ext_variation_model, and an image that represents
the amount of gray value variation at every point of the object.
The size of the images with which the object model is trained and
with which the model is compared later on is passed in
Width and Height, respectively. The image type of
the images used for training and comparison is passed in
Type.
The variation model is trained using multiple images of good
objects. Therefore, it is essential that the training images show
the objects in the same position and rotation. If this cannot be
guaranteed by external means, the pose of the object can, for
example, be determined by using matching (see
find_generic_shape_model). The image can then be transformed to a
reference pose with affine_trans_image.
The parameter Mode is used to determine how the image of
the ideal object and the corresponding variation image are computed.
For Mode='standard', the ideal image of the object
is computed as the mean of all training images at the respective
image positions. The corresponding variation image is computed as
the standard deviation of the training images at the respective
image positions. This mode has the advantage that the variation
model can be trained iteratively, i.e., as soon as an image of a
good object becomes available, it can be trained with
train_variation_model. The disadvantage of this mode is
that great care must be taken to ensure that only images of good
objects are trained, because the mean and standard deviation are not
robust against outliers, i.e., if an image of a bad object is
trained inadvertently, the accuracy of the ideal object image and
that of the variation image might be degraded.
If it cannot be avoided that the variation model is trained with
some images of objects that can contain errors, Mode can be
set to 'robust'. In this mode, the image of the ideal
object is computed as the median of all training images at the
respective image positions. The corresponding variation image is
computed as a suitably scaled median absolute deviation of the
training images and the median image at the respective image
positions. This mode has the advantage that it is robust against
outliers. It has the disadvantage that it cannot be trained
iteratively, i.e., all training images must be accumulated using
concat_obj and be trained with train_variation_model
in a single call.
In some cases, it is impossible to acquire multiple training images.
In this case, a useful variation image cannot be trained from the
single training image. To solve this problem, variations of the
training image can be created synthetically, e.g., by shifting the
training image by pixel in the row and column
directions or by using gray value morphology (e.g.,
gray_erosion_shape and gray_dilation_shape), and
then training the synthetically modified images. A different
possibility to create the variation model from a single image is to
create the model with Mode='direct'. In this
case, the variation model can only be trained by specifying the
ideal image and the variation image directly with
prepare_direct_variation_model. Since the variation
typically is large at the edges of the object, edge operators like
sobel_amp, edges_image, or gray_range_rect
should be used to create the variation image.
This operator returns a handle. Note that the state of an instance of this handle type may be changed by specific operators even though the handle is used as an input parameter by those operators.
Width (input_control) extent.x → (integer)
Width of the images to be compared.
Default value: 640
Suggested values: 160, 192, 320, 384, 640, 768
Height (input_control) extent.y → (integer)
Height of the images to be compared.
Default value: 480
Suggested values: 120, 144, 240, 288, 480, 576
Type (input_control) string → (string)
Type of the images to be compared.
Default value: 'byte'
Suggested values: 'byte', 'int2', 'uint2'
Mode (input_control) string → (string)
Method used for computing the variation model.
Default value: 'standard'
Suggested values: 'standard', 'robust', 'direct'
ModelID (output_control) variation_model → (handle)
ID of the variation model.
A variation model created with create_variation_model
requires 12*Width*Height bytes of memory for
Mode = 'standard' and Mode =
'robust' for Type = 'byte'. For
Type = 'uint2' and Type =
'int2', 14*Width*Height are required.
For Mode = 'direct' and after the training data
has been cleared with clear_train_data_variation_model,
2*Width*Height bytes are required for
Type = 'byte' and
4*Width*Height for the other image types.
create_variation_model returns 2 (H_MSG_TRUE) if all parameters are
correct.
train_variation_model,
prepare_direct_variation_model
prepare_variation_model,
clear_variation_model,
clear_train_data_variation_model,
find_generic_shape_model,
affine_trans_image
Matching