1D Measuring [HALCON Operator Reference / Version 24.11.1.0]

1D Measuring

This chapter contains operators for 1D measuring.

Concept of 1D measuring

With 1D measuring, edges, i.e., transitions from light to dark or from dark to light, can be located along a predefined line or arc. This allows you to measure the dimension of parts fast and easily with high accuracy. Note that if you want to measure the dimensions of geometric primitives like circles, ellipses, rectangles, or lines, and approximate values for the positions, orientations, and geometric shapes are known, 2D Metrology may be a suitable alternative.


( 1)	( 2)

Measure edges and the distances between them along a line (1) or along an arc (2). These images are from the example programs fuzzy_measure_pin.hdev and measure_ring.hdev.

In the following, the steps that are required to use 1D measuring are described briefly.

Generate measure object:

First, a measure object must be generated that describes the region of interest for the measurement. If the measurement should be performed along a line, the measure object is defined by a rectangle. If it should be performed along an arc, the measure object is defined as an annular arc. The measure objects are generated by the operators

Note that you can use shape-based matching (see chapter Matching / Shape-Based) to automatically align the measure objects.

Perform the measurement:

Then, the actual measurement is performed. For this, typically one of the following operators is used:

measure_posmeasure_posMeasurePosMeasurePosmeasure_pos extracts straight edges perpendicular to the main axis of the measure object and returns the positions of the edge centers, the edge amplitudes, and the distances between consecutive edges.
measure_pairsmeasure_pairsMeasurePairsMeasurePairsmeasure_pairs extracts straight edge pairs perpendicular to the main axis of the measure object and returns the positions of the edge centers of the edge pairs, the edge amplitudes for the edge pairs, the distances between the edges of an edge pair, and the distances between consecutive edge pairs.
measure_threshmeasure_threshMeasureThreshMeasureThreshmeasure_thresh extracts points with a particular gray value along the main axis of the measure object and returns their positions and the distances between consecutive points.

Alternatively, if there are extra edges that do not belong to the measurement, fuzzy measuring can be applied. Here, so-called fuzzy rules, which describe the features of good edges, must be defined. Possible features are, e.g., the position, the distance, the gray values, or the amplitude of edges. These functions are created with create_funct_1d_pairscreate_funct_1d_pairsCreateFunct1dPairsCreateFunct1dPairscreate_funct_1d_pairs and passed to the tool with set_fuzzy_measureset_fuzzy_measureSetFuzzyMeasureSetFuzzyMeasureset_fuzzy_measure or set_fuzzy_measure_norm_pairset_fuzzy_measure_norm_pairSetFuzzyMeasureNormPairSetFuzzyMeasureNormPairset_fuzzy_measure_norm_pair. Then, based on these rules, one of the following operators will extract the most appropriate edges:

fuzzy_measure_posfuzzy_measure_posFuzzyMeasurePosFuzzyMeasurePosfuzzy_measure_pos extracts straight edges perpendicular to the main axis of the measure object and returns the positions of the edge centers, the edge amplitudes, the fuzzy scores, and the distances between consecutive edges.
fuzzy_measure_pairsfuzzy_measure_pairsFuzzyMeasurePairsFuzzyMeasurePairsfuzzy_measure_pairs extracts straight edge pairs perpendicular to the main axis of the measure object and returns the positions of the first and second edges of the edge pairs, the edge amplitudes for the edge pairs, the positions of the centers of the edge pairs, the fuzzy scores, the distances between the edges of an edge pair, and the distances between consecutive edge pairs.
fuzzy_measure_pairingfuzzy_measure_pairingFuzzyMeasurePairingFuzzyMeasurePairingfuzzy_measure_pairing is similar to fuzzy_measure_pairsfuzzy_measure_pairsFuzzyMeasurePairsFuzzyMeasurePairsfuzzy_measure_pairs with the exception that it is also possible to extract interleaving and included pairs using the parameter Pairing.

Alternatively to the automatic extraction of edges or points within the measure object, you can also extract a one-dimensional gray value profile perpendicular to the rectangle or annular arc and evaluate this gray value information according to your needs. The gray value profile within the measure object can be extracted with the operator

measure_projectionmeasure_projectionMeasureProjectionMeasureProjectionmeasure_projection.

Destroy measure object handle:

When you no longer need the measure object, you destroy it by passing the handle to

close_measureclose_measureCloseMeasureCloseMeasureclose_measure.

Further operators

In addition to the operators mentioned above, you can use reset_fuzzy_measurereset_fuzzy_measureResetFuzzyMeasureResetFuzzyMeasurereset_fuzzy_measure to discard a fuzzy function of a fuzzy set that was set via set_fuzzy_measureset_fuzzy_measureSetFuzzyMeasureSetFuzzyMeasureset_fuzzy_measure or set_fuzzy_measure_norm_pairset_fuzzy_measure_norm_pairSetFuzzyMeasureNormPairSetFuzzyMeasureNormPairset_fuzzy_measure_norm_pair before, translate_measuretranslate_measureTranslateMeasureTranslateMeasuretranslate_measure to translate the reference point of the measure object to a specified position, write_measurewrite_measureWriteMeasureWriteMeasurewrite_measure and read_measureread_measureReadMeasureReadMeasureread_measure to write the measure object to file and read it from file again, and serialize_measureserialize_measureSerializeMeasureSerializeMeasureserialize_measure and deserialize_measuredeserialize_measureDeserializeMeasureDeserializeMeasuredeserialize_measure to serialize and deserialize the measure object.

Glossary

In the following, the most important terms that are used in the context of 1D Measuring are described.

measure object: A data structure that contains a specific region of interest that is prepared for the extraction of straight edges which lie perpendicular to the major axis of a rectangle or an annular arc.
annular arc: A circular arc with an associated width.

Further Information

See also the “Solution Guide Basics” and “Solution Guide on 1D Measuring” for further details about 1D Measuring.

Learn about 1D Measuring and many other topics in interactive online courses at our MVTec Academy .

List of Operators

close_measureCloseMeasureclose_measureCloseMeasureclose_measure: Delete a measure object.

deserialize_measureDeserializeMeasuredeserialize_measureDeserializeMeasuredeserialize_measure: Deserialize a serialized measure object.

fuzzy_measure_pairingFuzzyMeasurePairingfuzzy_measure_pairingFuzzyMeasurePairingfuzzy_measure_pairing: Extract straight edge pairs perpendicular to a rectangle or an annular arc.

fuzzy_measure_pairsFuzzyMeasurePairsfuzzy_measure_pairsFuzzyMeasurePairsfuzzy_measure_pairs: Extract straight edge pairs perpendicular to a rectangle or an annular arc.

fuzzy_measure_posFuzzyMeasurePosfuzzy_measure_posFuzzyMeasurePosfuzzy_measure_pos: Extract straight edges perpendicular to a rectangle or an annular arc.

gen_measure_arcGenMeasureArcgen_measure_arcGenMeasureArcgen_measure_arc: Prepare the extraction of straight edges perpendicular to an annular arc.

gen_measure_rectangle2GenMeasureRectangle2gen_measure_rectangle2GenMeasureRectangle2gen_measure_rectangle2: Prepare the extraction of straight edges perpendicular to a rectangle.

get_measure_paramGetMeasureParamget_measure_paramGetMeasureParamget_measure_param: Return the parameters and properties of a measure object.

measure_pairsMeasurePairsmeasure_pairsMeasurePairsmeasure_pairs: Extract straight edge pairs perpendicular to a rectangle or annular arc.

measure_posMeasurePosmeasure_posMeasurePosmeasure_pos: Extract straight edges perpendicular to a rectangle or annular arc.

measure_projectionMeasureProjectionmeasure_projectionMeasureProjectionmeasure_projection: Extract a gray value profile perpendicular to a rectangle or annular arc.

measure_threshMeasureThreshmeasure_threshMeasureThreshmeasure_thresh: Extracting points with a particular gray value along a rectangle or an annular arc.

read_measureReadMeasureread_measureReadMeasureread_measure: Read a measure object from a file.

reset_fuzzy_measureResetFuzzyMeasurereset_fuzzy_measureResetFuzzyMeasurereset_fuzzy_measure: Reset a fuzzy function.

serialize_measureSerializeMeasureserialize_measureSerializeMeasureserialize_measure: Serialize a measure object.

set_fuzzy_measureSetFuzzyMeasureset_fuzzy_measureSetFuzzyMeasureset_fuzzy_measure: Specify a fuzzy function.

set_fuzzy_measure_norm_pairSetFuzzyMeasureNormPairset_fuzzy_measure_norm_pairSetFuzzyMeasureNormPairset_fuzzy_measure_norm_pair: Specify a normalized fuzzy function for edge pairs.

translate_measureTranslateMeasuretranslate_measureTranslateMeasuretranslate_measure: Translate a measure object.

write_measureWriteMeasurewrite_measureWriteMeasurewrite_measure: Write a measure object to a file.

Operators